{"id":47317,"date":"2025-01-28T20:26:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T12:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.swqi.tw\/?p=47317"},"modified":"2025-12-03T03:47:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T19:47:11","slug":"max-drawdown","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mister.forex\/vi\/max-drawdown\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a (Max Drawdown, MDD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro quan tr\u1ecdng trong giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i."},"content":{"rendered":"
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\nTrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i k\u00fd qu\u1ef9, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. V\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee7i ro, \"s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a (Maximum Drawdown, MDD) \" ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y, n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ed1n.

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\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a: Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong> <\/h2>\nS\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch.

\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> 
\nS\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a (%) = (Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ed1n - Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1y v\u1ed1n) \/ Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ed1n \u00d7 100%

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/strong> <\/h2>\nGi\u1ea3 s\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, v\u1ed1n t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m: 

\n\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n A:<\/strong> 
\nT\u0103ng t\u1eeb $10,000 l\u00ean $12,000 (\u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t), sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng $11,000.
\n (12,000 \u2212 11,000) \/ 12,000 \u00d7 100% = 8.33%

\n\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n B:<\/strong> 
\nT\u0103ng t\u1eeb $11,000 l\u00ean $15,000 (\u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t), sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng $9,000.
\n (15,000 \u2212 9,000) \/ 15,000 \u00d7 100% = 40%

\n\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n C:<\/strong> 
\nT\u0103ng t\u1eeb $9,000 l\u00ean $17,000 (\u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t), sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng $15,000.
\n\n (17,000 \u2212 15,000) \/ 17,000 \u00d7 100% = 11.76%

\n\nTrong ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, \"Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n B\" c\u00f3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1t 40%, l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, B ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a.
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Trong h\u00ecnh A, B, C \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \"s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m (drawdown) \".<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a (Max Drawdown) \"<\/p>\n
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T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/strong> <\/h2>\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong> <\/h3>\nS\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan r\u1eb1ng trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i k\u00fd qu\u1ef9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y cao, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.

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2. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong> <\/h3>\nKhi ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch, s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh l\u1eddi cao, n\u1ebfu s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 r\u00fat lui s\u1edbm.

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3. Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong> <\/h3>\nTh\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, gi\u00fap k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n.

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So s\u00e1nh s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/th>\n \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n
S\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n M\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n<\/td>\n \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Sharpe<\/td>\n L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro<\/td>\n \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo r\u1ee7i ro<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn\/l\u1ed7<\/td>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 l\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch thua l\u1ed7<\/td>\n D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ee7i ro\/l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eafng<\/td>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 l\u00e3i trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch<\/td>\n \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n<\/table>
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C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a?<\/strong> <\/h2>\n

1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1eaft l\u1ed7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/strong> <\/h3>\nThi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1eaft l\u1ed7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.

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2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong> <\/h3>\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c duy nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.

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3. Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\u0110\u00f2n b\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 cao m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m.

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4. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong> <\/h3>\nTh\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.

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K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: S\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong> <\/h2>\nTrong giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i k\u00fd qu\u1ef9, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch giao d\u1ecbch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, giao d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t.

\nN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i th\u00eam n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i!

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C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a (FAQ)<\/strong> <\/h2>\n1. S\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> 
\nPh\u1ea1m vi s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 10% - 20%, trong khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 30% - 50%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 50% th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro qu\u00e1 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.

\n\n2. S\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/strong> 
\nT\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m v\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee7i ro d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.

\n\n3. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/strong> 
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